NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon (NRC Emotion Lexicon) Version 0.92 10 July 2011 Copyright (C) 2011 National Research Council Canada (NRC) Contact: Saif Mohammad (saif.mohammad@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca) Terms of use: 1. This lexicon can be used freely for research purposes. 2. The papers listed below provide details of the creation and use of the lexicon. If you use a lexicon, then please cite the associated papers. 3. If interested in commercial use of the lexicon, send email to the contact. 4. If you use the lexicon in a product or application, then please credit the authors and NRC appropriately. Also, if you send us an email, we will be thrilled to know about how you have used the lexicon. 5. National Research Council Canada (NRC) disclaims any responsibility for the use of the lexicon and does not provide technical support. However, the contact listed above will be happy to respond to queries and clarifications. 6. Rather than redistributing the data, please direct interested parties to this page: http://www.purl.com/net/lexicons Please feel free to send us an email: - with feedback regarding the lexicon. - with information on how you have used the lexicon. - if interested in having us analyze your data for sentiment, emotion, and other affectual information. - if interested in a collaborative research project. ....................................................................... NRC EMOTION LEXICON ------------------- The NRC emotion lexicon is a list of words and their associations with eight emotions (anger, fear, anticipation, trust, surprise, sadness, joy, and disgust) and two sentiments (negative and positive). The annotations were manually done through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Refer to publications below for more details. ....................................................................... PUBLICATIONS ------------ Details of the lexicon can be found in the following peer-reviewed publications: -- Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexicon, Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, To Appear in Computational Intelligence, Wiley Blackwell Publishing Ltd. -- Tracking Sentiment in Mail: How Genders Differ on Emotional Axes, Saif Mohammad and Tony Yang, In Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Workshop on ACL 2011 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis (WASSA), June 2011, Portland, OR. Paper (pdf) -- From Once Upon a Time to Happily Ever After: Tracking Emotions in Novels and Fairy Tales, Saif Mohammad, In Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities (LaTeCH), June 2011, Portland, OR. Paper -- Emotions Evoked by Common Words and Phrases: Using Mechanical Turk to Create an Emotion Lexicon", Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, In Proceedings of the NAACL-HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, June 2010, LA, California. Links to the papers are available here: http://www.purl.org/net/NRCemotionlexicon ....................................................................... VERSION INFORMATION ------------------- Version 0.92 is the latest version as of 10 July 2011. This version has annotations for more than twice as many terms as in Version 0.5 which was released earlier. ....................................................................... FORMAT ------ Each line has the following format: TargetWordAffectCategoryAssociationFlag TargetWord is a word for which emotion associations are provided. AffectCategory is one of eight emotions (anger, fear, anticipation, trust, surprise, sadness, joy, or disgust) or one of two polarities (negative or positive). AssociationFlag has one of two possible values: 0 or 1. 0 indicates that the target word has no association with affect category, whereas 1 indicates an association. ....................................................................... OTHER FORMS OF THE LEXICON -------------------------- The original lexicon has annotations at word-sense level. Each word-sense pair is annotated by at least three annotators (most are annotated by at least five). The word-level lexicon was created by taking the union of emotions associated with all the senses of a word. Please contact NRC if interested in the sense-level lexicon or if interested in more detailed information such as the individual annotations by each of the annotators. ....................................................................... CONTACT INFORMATION ------------------- Saif Mohammad Research Officer, National Research Council Canada email: saif.mohammad@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca phone: +1-613-993-0620 .......................................................................